Signs and Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts
Some ovarian cysts have no signs or symptoms. They are discovered during a routine physical exam. The larger a cyst is, the more likely it is to cause symptoms. Symptoms may be:
Pelvic pain, usually on the side where the cyst is present. Pain may be sharp, sudden or come and go throughout the cycle.
Irregular menstrual cycles.
Irregular cycles may signal follicular cyst. Charting your cycle can help you to determine if you are having irregular cycles.
Pelvic pain after intercourse or strenuous exercise.
Nausea and vomiting, this usually happens after a cyst ruptures.
Vaginal pain with spotty bleeding.
Pressure and/or abdominal bloating, may be noticeable on one side or the other.
Pain or pressure in the abdomen when urinating or passing stool
Infertility
Types of Ovarian Cysts
Functional Ovarian Cysts
During a woman’s natural cycle the ovaries produce follicles, which are like a cyst and contain the egg to be released during ovulation. As ovulation nears, the follicle begins to grow. Follicles also produce and release both estrogen and progesterone. An ovarian cyst that forms due to a malfunction in the follicle is known as a functional cyst. There are two types of functional cysts:
Follicular cyst: This happens when the follicle fails to rupture and release the egg at ovulation, it continues to grow forming a cyst.
Corpus Luteum cyst: This happens when the follicle does release the egg at ovulation. The follicle changes to what is called the corpus luteum. The opening in the follicle where the egg was released seals off, accumulating fluid, causing the corpus luteum to grow into a cyst.
Dermoid cyst: These cysts are considered complex and develop from cells that produce human eggs. Because of this, these types of cyst may contain hair, teeth, or skin. They are rarely cancerous.
Cystadenomas: This type of cyst develops from ovarian tissue and is filled with liquid or mucous.
Endometriomas: This type of cyst forms when endometrial cells attach to the ovary and form a growth (endometriosis).
The above 3 types of ovarian cysts may cause damage to the ovary, including twisting, scar tissue and adhesion formation. Both Dermoid and Cystadenomas may cause the ovary to become very large and displaced.
Polycystic ovaries: This is associated with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, the ovary may be enlarged, usually twice the size of a normal ovary. A polycystic ovary develops many small cysts in a row, looking like a strand of pearls on the surface of the ovary. PCOS is a common endocrine disorder. Not all women diagnosed with PCOS have ovaries that have these types of cysts.
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